SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

`:top

In `F33f`_`[linguistics`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Linguistics]`_`f, the `!syntax–semantics interface`! is the interaction between `F33f`_`[syntax`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Syntax]`_`f and `F33f`_`[semantics`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Semantics_(linguistics)]`_`f. Its study encompasses phenomena that pertain to both syntax and semantics, with the goal of explaining correlations between form and meaning.`:cite-ref-chierchiahndbk-1-0[`F5bf`_`[1`#cite-note-chierchiahndbk-1]`_`f] Specific topics include `F33f`_`[scope`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Scope_(formal_semantics)]`_`f,`:cite-ref-parteebrief-2-0[`F5bf`_`[2`#cite-note-parteebrief-2]`_`f]`:cite-ref-hackl2013-3-0[`F5bf`_`[3`#cite-note-hackl2013-3]`_`f] `F33f`_`[binding`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Binding_(linguistics)]`_`f,`:cite-ref-parteebrief-2-1[`F5bf`_`[2`#cite-note-parteebrief-2]`_`f] and `F33f`_`[lexical semantic`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Lexical_semantics]`_`f properties such as `F33f`_`[verbal aspect`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Lexical_aspect]`_`f and `F33f`_`[nominal individuation`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Mass_noun]`_`f,`:cite-ref-levin1995-4-0[`F5bf`_`[4`#cite-note-levin1995-4]`_`f]`:cite-ref-vanvalin1997-5-0[`F5bf`_`[5`#cite-note-vanvalin1997-5]`_`f]`:cite-ref-6[`F5bf`_`[6`#cite-note-6]`_`f]`:cite-ref-7[`F5bf`_`[7`#cite-note-7]`_`f]`:cite-ref-vanvalin2005p67-8-0[`F5bf`_`[8`#cite-note-vanvalin2005p67-8]`_`f] `F33f`_`[semantic macroroles`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Thematic_relation]`_`f,`:cite-ref-vanvalin2005p67-8-1[`F5bf`_`[8`#cite-note-vanvalin2005p67-8]`_`f] and `F33f`_`[unaccusativity`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Unaccusativity]`_`f.`:cite-ref-levin1995-4-1[`F5bf`_`[4`#cite-note-levin1995-4]`_`f]

The interface is conceived of very differently in `F33f`_`[formalist`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Linguistic_formalism]`_`f and `F33f`_`[functionalist`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Linguistic_functionalism]`_`f approaches. While functionalists tend to look into semantics and pragmatics for explanations of syntactic phenomena, formalists try to limit such explanations within syntax itself.`:cite-ref-9[`F5bf`_`[9`#cite-note-9]`_`f] Aside from syntax, other aspects of grammar have been studied in terms of how they interact with semantics; which can be observed by the existence of terms such as `*morphosyntax–semantics interface`*.`:cite-ref-hackl2013-3-1[`F5bf`_`[3`#cite-note-hackl2013-3]`_`f]

>>Contents

• `F0af`_`[Functionalist approaches`#functionalist-approaches]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[Formal approaches`#formal-approaches]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[History`#history]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[See also`#see-also]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[Notes`#notes]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[References`#references]`_`f

• `F0af`_`[Further reading`#further-reading]`_`f

-─

>>Functionalist approaches

Within `F33f`_`[functionalist`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Linguistic_functionalism]`_`f approaches, research on the syntax–semantics interface has been aimed at disproving the formalist argument of the `F33f`_`[autonomy of syntax`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Autonomy_of_syntax]`_`f, by finding instances of semantically determined syntactic structures.`:cite-ref-levin1995-4-2[`F5bf`_`[4`#cite-note-levin1995-4]`_`f]`:cite-ref-10[`F5bf`_`[10`#cite-note-10]`_`f]

`F33f`_`[Levin`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Beth_Levin_(linguist)]`_`f and Rappaport Hovav, in their 1995 monograph, reiterated that there are some aspects of verb meaning that are relevant to syntax, and others that are not, as previously noted by `F33f`_`[Steven Pinker`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Steven_Pinker]`_`f.`:cite-ref-11[`F5bf`_`[11`#cite-note-11]`_`f]`:cite-ref-12[`F5bf`_`[12`#cite-note-12]`_`f] Levin and Rappaport Hovav isolated such aspects focusing on the phenomenon of `F33f`_`[unaccusativity`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Unaccusativity]`_`f that is "semantically determined and syntactically encoded".`:cite-ref-13[`F5bf`_`[13`#cite-note-13]`_`f]

`F33f`_`[Van Valin`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Van_Valin]`_`f and `F33f`_`[LaPolla`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Randy_LaPolla]`_`f, in their 1997 monographic study, found that the more semantically motivated or driven a syntactic phenomenon is, the more it tends to be typologically universal, that is, to show less cross-linguistic variation.`:cite-ref-14[`F5bf`_`[14`#cite-note-14]`_`f]

>>Formal approaches

In `F33f`_`[formal semantics`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Formal_semantics_(natural_language)]`_`f, `F33f`_`[semantic interpretation`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Interpretation_(logic)]`_`f is viewed as a `F33f`_`[mapping`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Map_(mathematics)]`_`f from syntactic structures to `F33f`_`[denotations`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Denotation]`_`f. There are several formal views of the syntax–semantics interface which differ in what they take to be the inputs and outputs of this mapping. In the `*Heim and Kratzer`* model commonly adopted within `F33f`_`[generative linguistics`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Generative_linguistics]`_`f, the input is taken to be a special level of syntactic representation called `F33f`_`[logical form`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Logical_form_(linguistics)]`_`f. At logical form, semantic relationships such as `F33f`_`[scope`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Scope_(formal_semantics)]`_`f and `F33f`_`[binding`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Binding_(linguistics)]`_`f are represented unambiguously, having been determined by syntactic operations such as `F33f`_`[quantifier raising`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Quantifier_raising]`_`f. Other formal frameworks take the opposite approach, assuming that such relationships are established by the rules of semantic interpretation themselves. In such systems, the rules include mechanisms such as `F33f`_`[type shifting`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Type_shifter]`_`f and `F33f`_`[dynamic binding`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Dynamic_semantics]`_`f.`:cite-ref-chierchiahndbk-1-1[`F5bf`_`[1`#cite-note-chierchiahndbk-1]`_`f]`:cite-ref-hnk-15-0[`F5bf`_`[15`#cite-note-hnk-15]`_`f]`:cite-ref-16[`F5bf`_`[16`#cite-note-16]`_`f]`:cite-ref-parteebrief-2-2[`F5bf`_`[2`#cite-note-parteebrief-2]`_`f]

>>History

Before the 1950s, there was no discussion of a syntax–semantics interface in `F33f`_`[American linguistics`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=American_linguistics]`_`f, since neither syntax nor semantics was an active area of research.`:cite-ref-partee2014-17-0[`F5bf`_`[17`#cite-note-partee2014-17]`_`f] This neglect was due in part to the influence of `F33f`_`[logical positivism`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Logical_positivism]`_`f and `F33f`_`[behaviorism`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Behaviorism]`_`f in psychology, that viewed hypotheses about linguistic meaning as untestable.`:cite-ref-partee2014-17-1[`F5bf`_`[17`#cite-note-partee2014-17]`_`f]`:cite-ref-taylor2017-18-0[`F5bf`_`[18`#cite-note-taylor2017-18]`_`f]

By the 1960s, syntax had become a major area of study, and some researchers began examining semantics as well. In this period, the most prominent view of the interface was the `*`F33f`_`[Katz`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Jerrold_Katz]`_`f–`F33f`_`[Postal`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Paul_Postal]`_`f Hypothesis`* according to which `F33f`_`[deep structure`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Deep_structure]`_`f was the level of syntactic representation which underwent semantic interpretation. This assumption was upended by data involving quantifiers, which showed that `F33f`_`[syntactic transformations`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Syntactic_movement]`_`f can affect meaning. During the `F33f`_`[linguistics wars`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Linguistics_wars]`_`f, a variety of competing notions of the interface were developed, many of which live on in present-day work.`:cite-ref-partee2014-17-2[`F5bf`_`[17`#cite-note-partee2014-17]`_`f]`:cite-ref-parteebrief-2-3[`F5bf`_`[2`#cite-note-parteebrief-2]`_`f]

>>See also

• `F33f`_`[Active–stative alignment`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Active–stative_alignment]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Antecedent-contained deletion`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Antecedent-contained_deletion]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Coercion (linguistics)`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Coercion_(linguistics)]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Colorless green ideas sleep furiously`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Colorless_green_ideas_sleep_furiously]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Compositionality`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Principle_of_compositionality]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[David Dowty`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=David_Dowty]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Form-meaning mismatch`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Form-meaning_mismatch]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Morphosyntactic alignment`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Morphosyntactic_alignment]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Role and reference grammar`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Role_and_reference_grammar]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Selection (linguistics)`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Selection_(linguistics)]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Semantic class`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Semantic_class]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Semantic feature`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Semantic_feature]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Semantic primes`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Semantic_primes]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Semantic property`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Semantic_property]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Shifting (syntax)`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Shifting_(syntax)]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Split intransitivity`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Split_intransitivity]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Thematic relation`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Thematic_relation]`_`f

• `F33f`_`[Type shifter`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Type_shifter]`_`f

>>Notes

`:cite-note-chierchiahndbk-1`!1.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-chierchiahndbk-1-0]`_`f Chierchia (1999)

`:cite-note-parteebrief-2`!2.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-parteebrief-2-0]`_`f Partee (2014)

`:cite-note-hackl2013-3`!3.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-hackl2013-3-0]`_`f Hackl (2013)

`:cite-note-levin1995-4`!4.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-levin1995-4-0]`_`f Levin & Rappaport Hovav (1995)

`:cite-note-vanvalin1997-5`!5.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-vanvalin1997-5-0]`_`f Van Valin & LaPolla (1997)

`:cite-note-6`!6.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-6]`_`f Vendler (1957)

`:cite-note-7`!7.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-7]`_`f Tenny (1994)

`:cite-note-vanvalin2005p67-8`!8.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-vanvalin2005p67-8-0]`_`f Van Valin (2005) p.67

`:cite-note-9`!9.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-9]`_`f Van Valin 2003, p.334

`:cite-note-10`!10.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-10]`_`f Since the 1970s, as a response to syntactic-oriented approaches like Chomsky's generativism, the assumption underlying many studies on `F33f`_`[lexical semantics`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Lexical_semantics]`_`f has been that "syntactic properties of phrases reflect, in large part, the meanings of the words that head them" (Levin& Pinker, 1992)

`:cite-note-11`!11.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-11]`_`f Levin & Rappaport Hovav (1995) ch.1 p. 9

`:cite-note-12`!12.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-12]`_`f Pinker 1989

`:cite-note-13`!13.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-13]`_`f Levin & Rappaport Hovav (1995) ch.5 p.179, Afterword p.279

`:cite-note-14`!14.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-14]`_`f Van Valin (2005), ch.5 "Linking syntactic and semantic representations in simple sentences" p.128

`:cite-note-hnk-15`!15.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-hnk-15-0]`_`f Heim & Kratzer (1998)

`:cite-note-16`!16.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-16]`_`f Baker (2015)

`:cite-note-partee2014-17`!17.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-partee2014-17-0]`_`f Partee (2014).pp.2, 6

`:cite-note-taylor2017-18`!18.`! `F0af`_`[↑`#cite-ref-taylor2017-18-0]`_`f Taylor (2017)

>>References

• `:citerefbarker2015`a`F33f`_`[Barker, Chris`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Chris_Barker_(linguist)]`_`f (2015). "Scope" (PDF). In Lappin, Shalom; Fox, Chris (eds.). `*Handbook of Contemporary Semantics`* (2 ed.). Wiley Blackwell. Section 4.3. `F33f`_`[doi`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Doi_(identifier)]`_`f:10.1002/9781118882139.ch2. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 9781118882139.

• `F33f`_`[Chierchia, G.`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Gennaro_Chierchia]`_`f (1999) `*Syntax-semantics interface`*, pp. 824–826, in: `*The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences`*, Edited by Keil & Wilson (1999) Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

• Hackl, M. (2013) `*The syntax–semantics interface`*. Lingua, 130, 66–87.

• `:citerefheimkratzer1998`a`F33f`_`[Heim, Irene`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Irene_Heim]`_`f; `F33f`_`[Kratzer, Angelika`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Angelika_Kratzer]`_`f (1998). `*Semantics in Generative Grammar`*. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 194–198.

• `F33f`_`[Levin, B.`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Beth_Levin_(linguist)]`_`f, & `F33f`_`[Pinker, S.`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Steven_Pinker]`_`f (1992) Introduction in Beth Levin & Steven Pinker (1992, Eds) Lexical & conceptual semantics. (A Cognition Special Issue) Cambridge, MA and Oxford: Blackwell, 1991. Pp. 244.

• `F33f`_`[Levin, B.`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Beth_Levin_(linguist)]`_`f, & Rappaport Hovav, M. (1995). `*Unaccusativity: At the syntax–lexical semantics interface`*. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

• `:citerefpartee2014`a`F33f`_`[Partee, Barbara`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Barbara_Partee]`_`f (2014). "A brief history of the syntax-semantics interface in Western formal linguistics" (PDF). `*Semantics-Syntax Interface`*. `!1`! (1): 1–20. [1]

• `F33f`_`[Pinker, S.`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Steven_Pinker]`_`f (1989) `*Learnability and cognition: The acquisition of argument structure`*. New edition in 2013: `*Learnability and Cognition, new edition: The Acquisition of Argument Structure`*. MIT press.

• Taylor, J. (2017) `*Lexical Semantics`*. In B. Dancygier (Ed.), The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics (Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics, pp. 246–261). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. `F33f`_`[doi`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Doi_(identifier)]`_`f:10.1017/9781316339732.017

• Tenny, C. (1994). Aspectual roles and the syntax-semantics interface (Vol. 52). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

• `F33f`_`[Van Valin, R. D. Jr.`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Robert_Van_Valin_Jr.]`_`f & `F33f`_`[LaPolla, R. J.`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Randy_LaPolla]`_`f (1997) `*Syntax: Structure, meaning, and function`*. Cambridge University Press.

• Van Valin Jr, R. D. (2003) `*Functional linguistics`*, ch. 13 in `*The handbook of linguistics`*, pp. 319–336.

• `F33f`_`[Van Valin, R. D. Jr.`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Robert_Van_Valin_Jr.]`_`f (2005). `*Exploring the syntax-semantics interface`*, Cambridge University Press.

• `F33f`_`[Vendler, Z.`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Zeno_Vendler]`_`f (1957) `*Verbs and times`* in `*The Philosophical Review`* 66(2): 143–160. Reprinted as ch. 4 of `*Linguistics and Philosophy`*, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 1967, pp. 97–121.

>>Further reading

• `F33f`_`[Jackendoff, R.`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Ray_Jackendoff]`_`f, Levin, B., & Pinker, S. (1991). `*Lexical and conceptual semantics`*.

• Jackendoff, R. (1997). The architecture of the language faculty (No. 28). MIT Press.

• `:citerefjacobson2014`a`F33f`_`[Jacobson, Pauline`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=Pauline_Jacobson]`_`f (2014). `*Compositional semantics: An introduction to the syntax/semantics interface`*. Oxford University Press. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 9780199677153.

• `:citerefpustejovsky1995`a`F33f`_`[Pustejovsky, James`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=James_Pustejovsky]`_`f (1995). `*The Generative Lexicon`*. MIT Press. `F33f`_`[ISBN`:/page/wikibook/entry.mu`zim=wikipedia_en_all_nopic_2025-08.zim|entry_path=ISBN_(identifier)]`_`f 9780262661409.

• Wechsler, S. (2020) `*The Role of the Lexicon in the Syntax–Semantics Interface`*. Annual Review of Linguistics, 6, 67–87.

• Yi, E., & Koenig, J. P. (2016) `*Why verb meaning matters to syntax`*, in Fleischhauer, J., Latrouite, A., & Osswald, R. (2016) `*Explorations of the syntax-semantics interface`* (pp. 57–76). düsseldorf university press.

`c`F0af`_`[↑ Back to top`#top]`_`f`a